
When you’ve dedicated your career to protecting and serving the Glendale community as a police officer, deputy sheriff, or peace officer, facing internal affairs investigations, criminal charges, or administrative proceedings can feel overwhelming and isolating. At Tu Defensor Criminalista, we understand the unique legal challenges that law enforcement officers face, and we’re committed to providing aggressive, experienced representation that protects your rights, your career, and your future.
The Glendale Police Department, established in 1906 and staffed by approximately 300 sworn officers serving a population of over 187,000 residents, maintains high professional standards for its personnel. However, even dedicated officers can find themselves facing allegations of misconduct, use-of-force incidents under investigation, criminal charges, or administrative discipline that threatens their careers and livelihoods. When that happens, you need an attorney who understands both the criminal justice system and the specialized laws that govern peace officer employment.
Free Confidential Consultation: (888) 315-3326 | Available 24/7 | Hablamos Español
California law enforcement officers serve in one of the most scrutinized and transparent environments in the nation. Recent legislative changes have fundamentally transformed how officer misconduct is investigated, documented, and made public. Understanding this new landscape is essential for any officer facing investigation or discipline.
In 2018, California passed Senate Bill 1421 (the “Right to Know Act”), which ended four decades of secrecy concerning police internal investigations and officer discipline. This groundbreaking legislation made public three categories of previously confidential records: use-of-force incidents resulting in serious injury or death, findings of sexual assault by officers, and instances where officers were found to have been dishonest in their official duties.
In 2021, Senate Bill 16 expanded these transparency requirements to include additional types of misconduct records, including excessive force, unlawful searches, and discrimination. As a result of these laws, a comprehensive database containing 1.5 million pages of records from nearly 12,000 cases and approximately 500 California law enforcement agencies is now publicly accessible online. This database represents the first of its kind in the nation and has profound implications for officers throughout California, including those serving in Glendale.
For Glendale Police Department officers, this means that certain internal affairs investigations and disciplinary actions can become part of your permanent public record, affecting not only your current employment but also any future law enforcement career opportunities. Understanding which records become public and how to minimize damage to your reputation requires skilled legal representation from the outset of any investigation.
Source:[1]California Police Misconduct Database – CalMatters[1]
Source: UC Berkeley – Police Records Database[2]
Senate Bill 2, passed in 2021 following the murder of George Floyd and nationwide protests centered on policing and racial injustice, created California’s first-ever process for decertifying peace officers who commit serious misconduct. Prior to SB 2, California was one of only four states without a decertification process, making it possible for officers terminated for misconduct to simply move to another agency.
Under SB 2, law enforcement agencies must report complaints, charges, or allegations of serious misconduct to the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). POST now has authority to investigate allegations and revoke officer certifications for serious misconduct including dishonesty, abuse of power, physical abuse, sexual assault, and bias-based discrimination.
According to the Public Policy Institute of California, as of recent data, 720 officers out of California’s 82,000 currently employed full-time officers have been separated from their agencies through termination or resignation. These officers had a total of 920 misconduct allegations against them. Investigations have resulted in over 100 officer certification revocations and 95 officers voluntarily surrendering their certifications. Additionally, POST has identified approximately 125 officers who are ineligible to serve due to felony convictions, fraudulent certificate applications, or other disqualifying factors.
For Glendale Police Department officers, a POST investigation can mean the end of your law enforcement career permanently. Unlike traditional discipline that might result in suspension or transfer, decertification prevents you from working as a peace officer anywhere in California. This makes early intervention and aggressive defense absolutely critical.
Source:[3]Public Policy Institute of California – Police Misconduct[3]
Understanding the scope of misconduct allegations and investigations in California provides context for the challenges facing peace officers. According to the Public Policy Institute of California, of the over 78,000 law enforcement officers in California, approximately 80 are arrested each year, with assault being the most common reason for arrest. However, data on arrested officers do not capture the full range of police misconduct.
From 2016 to 2021, California received more than 60,000 civilian reports of police misconduct. Civilian complaints against police misconduct received favorable rulings in just 9 percent of cases, highlighting the challenges that complainants face but also demonstrating that the vast majority of complaints do not result in sustained findings against officers.
Between 2013 and 2021, police departments in California documented 1,478 fatal encounters with officers. These statistics underscore the dangerous and difficult nature of police work, where officers must make split-second decisions that are later scrutinized extensively through investigation and sometimes litigation.
Source:[4]Public Policy Institute of California – Use of Force Report[4]
California was the first state in the nation to enact comprehensive protections for peace officers facing administrative investigation and discipline. The Public Safety Officers Procedural Bill of Rights Act (POBR), codified at California Government Code sections 3300-3313, was enacted in 1977 and provides the procedural framework for all administrative investigations of peace officers in California.
POBR is often referred to as the “rulebook” for internal affairs investigations and establishes minimum procedural rights that agencies must honor when investigating officers for potential discipline. These rights include:
Investigation and Interrogation Rights:
Personnel File and Evidence Rights:
Representation and Appeal Rights:
Political Activity Protections:
For Glendale Police Department officers, POBR rights are critical protections that must be zealously guarded. Violations of POBR can provide grounds for overturning discipline, excluding evidence, and in some cases result in financial liability for the department. An experienced police defense attorney knows how to identify POBR violations and use them to your advantage.
Important Note: POBR rights generally do not apply to probationary officers, who are considered “at-will” employees with limited protections. Probationary officers can be terminated for any reason or no reason, though they cannot be terminated for illegal reasons such as discrimination based on protected characteristics.
Source:[5]California Government Code §§ 3300-3313[5]
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects all individuals, including police officers, from being compelled to incriminate themselves. However, peace officers face a unique dilemma: they can be ordered to answer questions during administrative investigations under threat of termination for insubordination, yet their answers could potentially be used against them in criminal proceedings.
The United States Supreme Court addressed this issue in Garrity v. New Jersey (1967), holding that statements obtained under threat of job loss are “compelled” and therefore involuntary and inadmissible in criminal proceedings. This creates what is known as “Garrity protection” or “Garrity rights.”
When a Glendale police officer is under investigation for conduct that could result in both administrative discipline and criminal charges, understanding Garrity protections is essential:
California law provides strong protections for peace officer personnel records under Penal Code sections 832.5, 832.7, and 832.8, and Evidence Code sections 1043-1047. These confidential personnel records include complaints, investigations, disciplinary actions, and performance evaluations.
Defense attorneys in criminal cases often file “Pitchess motions” (named after Pitchess v. Superior Court) seeking to discover officer personnel records to challenge officer credibility or establish patterns of misconduct. For Glendale police officers, understanding how these records can be disclosed and protected is important:
California law provides specific protections and standards for officers who use force in the course of their duties. Penal Code section 835a governs the use of force by peace officers and was substantially amended by Assembly Bill 392 in 2019.
The law requires that force be “necessary” under the circumstances, not merely “reasonable.” This higher standard means that officers can only use force when:
For Glendale Police Department officers involved in use-of-force incidents, the analysis focuses on:
Use-of-force investigations in Glendale can result in administrative discipline, criminal charges, civil lawsuits, and public disclosure of records. Having legal representation from the moment a use-of-force incident occurs is critical to protecting your rights and your career.
Internal affairs investigations are the most common legal challenge facing peace officers. These investigations can be initiated by citizen complaints, supervisor observations, review of body-worn camera footage, or other means. Common allegations include:
Internal affairs investigations follow specific procedures under POBR and department policy. The investigation typically includes:
At each stage of this process, an experienced police defense attorney can protect your rights, identify procedural violations, challenge evidence, and advocate for favorable outcomes.
Source:[6]Police Scorecard – Glendale[6]
While relatively rare compared to the general population, criminal charges against peace officers carry devastating consequences. According to California data, approximately 80 law enforcement officers are arrested each year statewide, with assault being the most common charge.
Criminal charges that Glendale police officers may face include:
On-Duty Criminal Allegations:
Off-Duty Criminal Allegations:
When a Glendale police officer faces criminal charges, the stakes are exceptionally high:
Our criminal defense representation for police officers includes:
Being placed on a “Brady list” (also called a Giglio list) is one of the most serious consequences a peace officer can face short of criminal conviction or decertification. These lists, maintained by district attorneys’ offices including the Los Angeles County District Attorney, identify officers with credibility issues that must be disclosed to criminal defendants under Brady v. Maryland and Giglio v. United States.
Officers can be placed on Brady lists for:
The consequences of Brady list placement include:
The Los Angeles County District Attorney’s office maintains Brady lists and has specific procedures for notifying agencies when officers are added. For Glendale Police Department officers, Brady list designation can occur even for unsubstantiated allegations in some circumstances, making it critical to fight any allegations of dishonesty aggressively from the beginning.
Challenging Brady list placement requires:
Peace officers in California face potential civil liability for civil rights violations under both federal and state law. These lawsuits can be filed alongside or independently of criminal charges or administrative discipline.
Federal Civil Rights Actions (42 U.S.C. § 1983): Citizens can sue officers in federal court for violations of constitutional rights including excessive force, unlawful search and seizure, false arrest, and other violations. These cases are heard by federal judges and juries and can result in substantial monetary damages.
California Civil Rights Actions (Tom Bane Civil Rights Act, Civil Code § 52.1): California provides even broader civil rights protections than federal law. The Bane Act allows plaintiffs to sue for interference with constitutional or statutory rights through threats, intimidation, or coercion. Unlike federal Section 1983 claims, Bane Act claims do not require state action, and they allow for enhanced damages including punitive damages.
Assault and Battery Claims: Officers can be sued for assault and battery under state tort law when their use of force exceeds legal justification.
Civil litigation creates unique challenges for peace officers:
Officers facing civil litigation need representation that understands both the legal standards and the law enforcement context. Our attorneys work with officers from the inception of civil claims through trial and appeal when necessary.
Most Glendale Police Department officers are members of the Glendale Peace Officers Association (Glendale POA), which provides representation during internal affairs investigations and administrative proceedings. The POA typically provides a representative to attend interrogations and offers guidance through the disciplinary process.
However, POA representation has limitations:
Many officers benefit from having private legal counsel in addition to or instead of POA representation, particularly in cases involving:
Our firm works cooperatively with the Glendale POA when appropriate while providing independent legal counsel focused solely on protecting your interests.
Source:[7]Glendale Peace Officers Association[7]
Effective representation of peace officers requires understanding the law enforcement culture, department operations, and the realities of police work. Our attorneys have extensive experience working with peace officers throughout California and understand:
This understanding allows us to communicate effectively with investigators, prosecutors, administrative hearing officers, and juries, explaining the context of your actions and why they were reasonable under the circumstances.
POBR is a specialized area of law that most criminal defense attorneys do not understand. The nuances of administrative interrogations, evidence disclosure requirements, timelines for investigations, and appeal procedures require specific expertise.
Our representation includes:
Peace officers facing investigation often have multiple legal issues occurring simultaneously:
Each of these proceedings has different rules, standards, and implications. What you say in one proceeding can be used against you in another. Strategic coordination across all these fronts is essential to protecting your career and freedom.
When you contact Tu Defensor Criminalista, we immediately begin working to protect your interests:
Our defense strategy is tailored to your specific circumstances:
Our ultimate goal is not just to win your case but to protect your ability to continue serving as a peace officer:
Glendale Police Department maintains approximately 300 sworn officers and operates as a professional, well-equipped agency. The department utilizes state-of-the-art technology including body-worn cameras, advanced dispatch systems, and predictive policing algorithms.
We work within this professional environment to:
Our representation is always focused on your best interests, not maintaining relationships with the department. However, professional and respectful advocacy often achieves better outcomes than adversarial approaches.
Source:[8]Glendale Police Department Facilities and Technology[8]
Glendale police officers may use force daily in the course of their duties. Most force is legally justified and proper, but any use of force can lead to complaints, investigations, and scrutiny. Common scenarios include:
When use of force results in injury to a suspect, witnesses, or bystanders, investigations become more intensive. Under SB 1421 and SB 16, these investigations and findings may become public record, making skilled representation essential from the beginning.
Officer-involved shootings are the most serious use-of-force incidents and trigger multiple layers of investigation:
Glendale Police Department has experienced one fatal encounter from 2013-2023 according to Police Scorecard data. While infrequent, these incidents have life-altering consequences for all involved. Officers involved in shootings need immediate legal representation to navigate the complex investigative process while protecting their legal rights and their psychological wellbeing.
Peace officers remain peace officers 24/7 under California law, but off-duty conduct that results in legal issues creates unique challenges:
Not all internal affairs investigations result from serious incidents. Common administrative complaints include:
Even minor administrative violations can escalate to serious discipline if not properly handled. Building a pattern of sustained complaints can lead to progressive discipline including termination.
Officers who report misconduct by fellow officers or supervisors, participate in investigations, or engage in protected activity may face retaliation. California law prohibits retaliation against whistleblowers, but proving retaliation requires careful documentation and legal advocacy.
For most Glendale police officers, law enforcement is not just a job—it’s a career calling that they’ve dedicated years to pursuing. California peace officers undergo extensive training through POST-certified academies, field training programs, and ongoing professional development. Glendale Police Department offers competitive salaries, excellent benefits, and opportunities for advancement through specialized assignments and promotions.
Losing your peace officer status means:
The stress of investigations, discipline, criminal charges, and potential job loss affects not just officers but their entire families:
Allegations against officers, whether sustained or not, affect public trust in law enforcement. For Glendale Police Department, which serves one of Los Angeles County’s most diverse and educated communities, maintaining public confidence is essential. Officers facing public allegations need representation that not only protects their legal rights but also helps preserve department reputation and community relationships when possible.
Glendale police officers have access to various professional support resources:
Officers facing legal issues should immediately contact:
The California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training provides resources for officers including:
It depends. If you are being interviewed solely as a witness to someone else’s conduct and you had no involvement in the incident, you may not need representation. However, if your own conduct is being examined or if you could potentially face discipline for failing to report misconduct, you should consult with an attorney. The line between witness and subject of investigation can blur quickly.
Yes, under Garrity v. New Jersey, your department can order you to answer questions under threat of termination for insubordination. However, if you are ordered to answer, your statements generally cannot be used against you in criminal proceedings. Understanding when to invoke Garrity protection versus asserting Fifth Amendment rights requires legal guidance.
A Skelly hearing (named after Skelly v. State Personnel Board) is a pre-disciplinary hearing required before the state can impose significant discipline on a permanent public employee. At the Skelly hearing, you have the opportunity to respond to the allegations and proposed discipline before it becomes final. Having legal representation at your Skelly hearing is critical.
The Glendale Peace Officers Association typically provides representation during internal affairs investigations and administrative proceedings. However, POA representation does not extend to criminal matters and may be limited in complex cases. Many officers benefit from having private legal counsel in addition to union representation.
Peace officer DUI arrests trigger multiple consequences: criminal court proceedings, administrative driver’s license suspension through DMV, department internal affairs investigation, potential discipline including termination, and possible POST decertification proceedings. You need immediate legal representation to coordinate your defense across all these fronts.
Yes, if there is sufficient “nexus” between your off-duty conduct and your employment. Courts consider factors including whether the conduct affects your ability to perform your duties, damages the department’s reputation, or violates public trust. Not all off-duty conduct leads to discipline, but serious misconduct often does.
A Brady list is a list maintained by the District Attorney identifying officers with credibility issues that must be disclosed to criminal defendants. Getting off a Brady list requires challenging the underlying basis for placement, which might include showing that allegations were unfounded, procedurally defective, or improperly sustained. This is a complex legal process requiring experienced counsel.
POBR requires that investigations be completed within one year from the date the agency discovers the misconduct (with some exceptions). However, many investigations complete more quickly. The timeline depends on the complexity of the allegations, availability of witnesses, and other factors.
Yes, California Government Code section 3309.5 provides that if a court finds a public safety department violated your POBR rights, you may be entitled to injunctive relief and, if the violation was malicious and intended to injure you, up to $25,000 per violation. However, you must file your lawsuit within one year of the violation.
Contact an experienced police defense attorney immediately. Do not discuss the case with colleagues, do not create written statements without legal review, preserve all evidence, and follow your attorney’s advice regarding whether to participate in interviews. Early legal intervention can make the difference between successful defense and career-ending discipline.
If you’ve been served with a Police Officer Defense in Glendale, time is running out. Don’t face this crisis alone. Contact Tu Defensor Criminalista immediately for a free, confidential consultation about your case.
Attorney Armando Josué Cespedes is rated 5.0 on Avvo, with 34 five-star reviews from clients praising his dedication, professionalism, and results. Many note how his trial skills and attention to detail led to reduced charges or outright dismissals.












Thank you! We need your help. Would you share your experience on one of these sites?
If you have concerns you wish to address privately
